Notesale: Turn your study into money

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Design Technology Graphics GCSE 2013
Chapter 1: Paper and Board
1) What are the uses, properties and cost of the following types of
paper:
a) Cartridge paper:
Uses (2):
-Good general purpose drawing paper
...

Properties (2):
-Completely opaque
...

Cost (1):
-More expensive than copier paper
...

-Heavier weight preferred by draughtspeople
...

Cost (1):
Heavier weight can be quite expensive
...


-All general carton application
...

-Excellent printing surface
...

b) Corrugated board:
Uses (1):
-Protective packaging for fragile goods; the most commonly used boxmaking material
...

-Excellent strength for weight
...

Cost:
-Relatively expensive
...

-Packaging for ice cream
...

-Packaging for cosmetics
...

-Excellent printing surface
...

d) Foil-lined board:
Uses (2):
-Cosmetic cartons
...

Properties (2):
-Very strong visual impact
...

Cost:
-Expensive
...


Reason for use:
-External layer provides a protection against outside moisture
...

Reason for use:
-Helps the internal layer bond with the aluminium foil
...

Reason for use:
-Provides a barrier against the harmful effects of air and light
...

Reason for use:
-Helps the paperboard bond with the aluminium foil
...

Reasons for use (2):
-Provides stiffness and shape
...

f) Layer 6:
Material:
-Polyethylene
Reason for use:
-Internal layer, in contact with drink, seals the liquid
...

-Air pollution:
Produces carbon dioxide that affects the ozone layer; causes acid
rain and global warming
...
Large amounts of electricity used as well as
water
...

-Solid waste:

Paper can only be recycled a limited amount of times
...

-Deforestation:
Large areas of forest felled for paper
...

They contain mainly ferrite or iron and most of them are magnetic,
for example steel
...

2) What are non-ferrous metals? Name two examples
...

3) Name the properties, uses, advantages and disadvantages of the
following metals:
a) Steel:
Properties (3):
-When rolled into sheets it is a lightweight material
...

-Produced from iron ore, haematite
...

-The iron ore is widely found
...

-High quality surface finish
...

Uses (3):
-Drink cans
...

-Exterior signage (pavement signs)
...

-Non-ferrous
...

Advantages (4):
-Easily formed into a range of shapes
...

-Most plentiful metal element in the earth’s crust
...

Disadvantages (2):
-Uses up a lot of energy to extract alumina
...

Uses (3):
-Range of containers
...

-Exterior signage (pavement signs)
...


Chapter 3: Polymers
1) Why are polymers used in electrical products instead of metal
casings? (4)
-They are less expensive to produce in large quantities
...

-They don’t conduct electricity, so the products are safe to handle
...

2) What is acrylic used for? (2)
Making models or shop signage
...

-It is a versatile sheet material, so it can be cut and bent using a
strip heater
...

-It has an excellent surface finish, which adds a quality feel to any
model
...

-Be chemical-resistance to pollution and detergents
...

-Be easy to fabricate and make relatively complicated shapes out of
...

5) What is Styrofoam used for? (2)
Used for the construction industry for insulating buildings and making
models
...

-Easy to cut and shape with a range of hand tools
...

-A smooth surface finish when sanded
...

7) Why are polymers used in commercial packaging?
-They are lightweight and versatile
...

-They are easily formed and moulded
...

-They are cheap
...

8) How are polymers not very sustainable? (5)
-It is made from oil, which is a finite resource
...

-The process produces high levels of pollution
...

-Polymers degrade slowly, which is a problem for landfill sites
...

-Prevents gas from escaping package
...

-Sparkling appearance
...

-Lightweight-low density
...

-Packaging for highly flavoured food
...

b) Polyvinyl Chloride:
Properties (5):
-Weather resistant
...

-Protects products from moisture and gases while holding in
preserving gases
...

-Can be manufactured either rigid flexible
...

-Packaging for pharmaceutical products
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-Packaging for water
...

c) Polypropylene:
Properties (6):
-Lightweight
...

-Excellent chemical resistance
...

-Low moisture absorption
...

Uses (1):
-Food packaging- youghurt and margarine pots, sweet and snack
wrappers
...

-Rigid
...

-Low water absortion
...

e) Expanded polystyrene:
Properties (5):

-Excellent impact resistance
...

-Durable
...

-Low water absorption
...

-Fruit, vegetable and meat trays
...


Chapter 4: Glass
1) What properties make glass ideal for use as a packaging material?
(9)
-Cost-effective when mass-produced
...

-Transparent, offering excellent product visibility
...

-Relatively lightweight
...

-It does not deteriorate, corrode, stain or fade so the contents
remain fresh
...

-It can be sealed airtight to protect the contents from contamination
and bacteria
...

-Recycling glass saves raw materials
...

-Recycling cuts CO2 levels
...

3) What is the colour of glass in its purest form?
Green tinted
...


Chapter 5: Woods
1) What are hardwoods? Name two examples
...

2) What are softwoods? Name two examples
...

3) What are the uses, advantages and disadvantages of the following
types of wood:
a) Jelutong:
Uses (2):
-Model and pattern making
...

Advantages (3):
-Works easily with both hand and power tools
...

-Stains, paints and varnished fairly well
...

-Low resistance to decay
...

b) Balsa:
Uses (2):
-Softest and lightest commercial hardwood
...

Advantages (5):
-Very soft and light
...

-Quite stable in use
...

-Extremely buoyant (floats very well in water)
...

-Finishes fairly well but porous composition soaks up finish
...

c) Parana pine:
Uses (5):
-Furniture, turned items, general construction, plywood veneers and
woodpulp for papermaking
...

-Fairly strong, durable and easy to work,
-Smooth finish
...

Disadvantages (2):
-Low stiffness, shock resistance and decay resistance
...

d) White Pine:
Uses:
-Carvings and sculpture, toys, novelties, musical instrument, boxes,
match sticks, veneer, dowels and patterns
...

-Carves quite well
...

-Glues, paints and varnishes well
...

2) Name two composites?
Carbon fibre and MDF
...

Advantages (4):
-Excellent strength-to-weight ratio
...

-Fabric can be placed in different directions to provide strength in
specific areas of structure
...

Disadvantages (5):
-Very expensive material
...

-Highly specialised manufacturing processes required
...

-Cannot be easily recycled
...

Advantages (4):
-Less expensive than natural timbers
...

-Has no grain so no tendency to split
...

Disadvantages (4):
-Requires appropriate finishes to seal surface fibres
...

-Warps or expands if not sealed
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Chapter 7: Modern and Smart Materials
1) What are modern materials?
Materials that have been developed through the invention of new or
improved technologies, as a result of human intervention rather than
naturally occurring changes
...

3) Describe the following materials:
a) Polymorph:
Properties (4):
-At room temperature it is just as strong as a polymer
...

-Can be reduced to a mouldable condition easily and quickly using hot
water, and can be coloured or dyed using food-grade colourings
...

Uses (2):
-One-off mouldings for hand held devices to test ergonomics
...

b) Thermochromic liquid crystals and film:
Uses (3):
-Forehead thermometers
...

-Special printing effects for promotional items
...

-In high quality they show full-colour
...

-Have a high resolution, leading to good picture quality
...

-Weigh little, so they are more portable
...

-Electronic newspapers
...

-Easier to read at an angle rather than flat screen monitors
...

-Durable
...

-The pixels are extremely stable and require no power to maintain an
image (can display about 10,000 pages before the batteries need
changing)
...

-To relieve chronic pain
...

Advantage (3):
-Provide a controlled release of the medication into the patient over
a period
...

-Is a “clean” technology, where there is no dangerous needles to
dispose of
...

4) Name the 4 main components of a transdermal patch (4):
Foil backing, prescription drug reservoir, membrane and adhesive
...

b) Prescription drug reservoir:
Holds a precise amount of the prescription drug, in direct contact
with the membrane
...

d) Adhesive:
Bonds the components of the patch together as well as sticking the
patch to the surface of the skin
...

-Saddle-wire stitching
...

-Perfect binding
...

7) Describe the method, draw the diagram, name the uses, the
advantages and the disadvantages for each
...

Diagram:

Uses (3):
-Brochures
...

-Comics
...

-Printed materials can be laid flat to read
...

Disadvantages (2):
-Lower-quality visual appearance
...

b) Spiral and comb binding:

Method:
Pages are punched through with a series of holes along the spine; a
spiralling steel or plastic band is inserted through the holes to hold
the sheets together
...

Advantages (4):
-Relatively inexpensive when produced commercially
...

-Fairly good quality visual appearance
...

Disadvantages (1):
-Not durable as document can easily fall apart or tear down
perforations
...

Diagram:

Uses (3):
-Paperback books
...

-Catalogues
...

-Better quality
...

Disadvantages (1):
-Expensive commercial process
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Diagram:

Uses (2):
-Hardback books
...

Advantages (3):
-Stiff board uses on the cover to protect the pages
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-Extremely durable
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8) Name the following technical drawing equipment:

Pencil

Set Square

Compass

Ruler

Circle template

Ellipse template
Flexicurve
French curve
Drawing board
9) What is each tool used for:
a) Pencil:
For drawing and sketching
...

c) Compass:
For drawing circles and arcs and marking measurements
...

e) Circle template:
For drawing smaller diameter circles quickly
...

g) Flexicurve:
Bent to create any desired curve
h) French curve:
To repeat a particular curve without having to technically construct it
again
...


Chapter 8: Scale of Production
1) Name the uses, advantages and disadvantages of the following
scales of production:
a) One-off:
Uses (3):
-Prototype and architectural models
...

-Vinyl stickers for commercial vehicles
...

-High-quality materials used
...

Disadvantages (2):
-Usually and expensive final product
...

b) Batch:
Uses (1):
-Commercially printed materials, such as magazines and newspapers
...

-Fast response to market trends
...

-Efficient manufacturing systems can be employed
...

-Lower unit cost
...


-Frequent changes in production can cause costly re-tooling, which is
reflected in the retail price
...

-Graphic products such as clothes, labels, tickets and packaging
...

-Specialisation of workforce to specific tasks
...

-Excellent economies of scale in bulk-buying materials
...

-Low unit costs
...

Disadvantages (4):
-Low skilled workforce- low wages, repetitive nature of tasks leading
to job dissatisfaction
...

-High initial set-up costs due to expensive machinery and tooling
...




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