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Kenyan’s media is noteworthy given the continent’s history that has had a devastating effect on
the industry
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The sector has a history as early as back to 1895 with the publication of the quarterly Taveta
Chronicle by the Christian Missionary Society
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The initial publications carried religious materials since the new converts were
taught on how to read and write primarily so that they could read Biblical literature for
themselves
The Taveta publication was later followed by two other church publications, Kikuyu News
produced by the Church of Scotland and WathiomoMukinyu published by the Catholic Church,
which also launched RafikiYetu
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The oldest mass circulating newspaper in Kenya is The Standard, founded in the year 1901 as
African Standard by a Parsee migrant,Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee
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it was sold four years later to Mayer and Anderson who moved to Nairobi and
renamed it East African Standard marking the beginnings of the European press
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By 1946 there were 17 independent newspapers, mainly by African nationalists agitating
for independence
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The newspapers included Jomo Kenyatta’s Muigwithania, which was launched in 1928,
Ramogiand NyanzaTimes, which was printed by OgingaOdinga, and Paul Ngei’sUhuru
waMwafrika
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When the colonial government declared a state of emergency in Kenya in 1952, all African
newspapers were banned
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The oldest Kiswahili newspaper was Baraza, which was born on September 17, 1930
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There was a need for a
newspaper that could be read and understood by the masses in East Africa when the Second
World War broke out and particularly by the service men fighting in the war
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Most of the news items, with the exception of letters
to the editor, were published in both English and Kiswahili
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In the year 1927 broadcast media in Kenya started with the establishment of a radio station by
the colonial government
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It was not until 1953 that the African Broadcasting Service was
established
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The African Languages Broadcasting Service transmitted programmes in eight languages only –
Dholuo, Kikuyu, Kikamba, Kipsigis, Nandi, Luhya, Kiswahili, and Arabic
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By the 1950s, the
African Inland Church’s BibiliaHusema Studios had launched Radio Kijabe, which
remained the sole privately owned station in Kenya for many years
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However, through an Act of
Parliament in July 1964, the Kenya Broadcasting Corporation was nationalized and became the
Voice of Kenya (VoK)
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Television broadcasting in Kenya was started in 1962 and transitioned to colour in 1978
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Sixty years down the lane after the first secular newspaper, The East African Standard, theDaily
Nation appeared on the scene on March 20, 1960 which was registered by Micheal Curtis and
Charles Hayes both newspapermen in London and Nairobi respectively
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The group had been formed a year earlier after buying a
Swahili weekly paper, Taifa(which was started in 1959) from a former colonial district
commissioner
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In 1964 Hillary Ng’weno became the first African editor-in-chief of the Daily Nation
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Aga Khan is still the majority shareholder in the NMG,the firm is currently traded at the Nairobi
stock Market
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They also own Nation TV and Nation FM Radio,in
1998 they were licenced to broadcast within Nairobi
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Ng’weno,the first African editor of the Nation founded Weekly Review in late 1970s
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It was founded initially to serve as the voice of the opposition politics and to
report materials that Nation and Standard feared to touch
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Many African countries
emerging from colonialism saw the media as an important tool to use or manipulate in driving
their development goals
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In 1969, when President Kenyatta’s relationship with his Vice-President, Jaramogi Oginga
Odinga, broke down, forcing Odinga’s eventual exit from office, the media’s engagement with
the Government also took a new turn
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The presence of church was continued to be felt in the Kenyan Media through Target/Lengo,
published by the national Christian Council of Kenya (Which is today known as National
Council of Churches of Kenya-NCCK
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Between 1970s and 1980s the Kenyan’s media history was vibrant, which was marked by the
arrival of many iconic publications
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The weekly, which was Kenya’s longest-running political publication,
had a reputation for strong analytical and investigative journalism
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It was sold widely in many parts of Africa
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The Financial Review and the Economic Review were also established in 1982, contributing to
the growth of business journalism in Kenya
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Homa Bay Community Radio, which is also recognized as the first
community radio station in Africa, started broadcasting in May 1982, but after operating in fits
and starts, was dismantled approximately two and a half years later, in 1984
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The 1980s following a coup attempt proved to be a difficult time for Kenyan media, which led
to severe restrictions
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This atmosphere saw the emergence of an “alternative” media to fill the void left by the
mainstream media, which had been cowed into self-censorship by the authorities
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As a result, many
publications, including Beyond magazine, the Financial Review, the Nairobi Law Monthly,
and Development Agenda were banned in the late 1980s as the clamour for a multi-party
political system gathered pace
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He who launched the weekly newspaper, The People, in 1992
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Between the late 1980s
and the early 1990s, the media continued to reflect the social-political agenda of the day, which
mainly centred on the push to introduce multi-party politics
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It was
broadcast on Nation TV and regularly began satirising President Moi while his government’s
excesses were also lampooned
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His STV television channel became the first fully Kenyan-owned indigenous
TV station in Kenya
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Under experienced editor
Herman Igambi and unfettered by State ownership, KTN pioneered a new brand of television
journalism and its prime time news bulletin became a daily appointment viewing for many
Kenyans
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At KBC he was famous for
chairing the weekly TV press conference programme that featured several leading journalists,
including Mutegi Njau of the Nation Media Group
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With the liberalisation of the airwaves in the early 1990s came a proliferation of mass media,
starting with Capital FM in 1996
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KTN, which by this time had been in existence for 10 years,
continued its pioneering role by launching a youth – focused programme, Str8up, in 2007
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The Standard Group, which owns KTN, also launched an F M station, Radio Maisha,
in May 2010
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In 2007 the Media Council Of Kenya was formed to regulate the
media and journalists which was later followed by the Communications Commission of Kenya
(CCK)
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There are several institutions in Kenya offering training to media personels since independence
that offers varierity of training starting from certificate-level and diplomas to degrees and postgraduate courses
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The main training institutions include the Kenya Institute of Mass Communication, Tangaza
College, University of Nairobi, Kenyatta University, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture
and Technology, Moi University, Egerton University, Maseno University, Masinde Muliro
University, Daystar University, St Paul’s University, Catholic University of Eastern Africa,
United States International University and Multimedia University of Kenya
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