Notesale: Turn your study into money

Document Preview

Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above

---

External Structure of Stem (From Bea)

Notes by: Alexandra Breatriz Silva, Mary Divine Alegado, and Aubrey Olaran

Internal Structures (From Aubrey)

Notes by: Alexandra Breatriz Silva, Mary Divine Alegado, and Aubrey Olaran

Herbaceous vs Woody Stem

Herbaceous Stem

Woody Stem

1
...
tough and not green

2
...
considerable growth in diameter

3
...
tissues chiefly secondary

4
...
chiefly perrenial

5
...
covered by corky bark

6
...
buds chiefly covered by scales

Parts of the Stem








Leaf Scar
Vascular Bundle scars
Lateral or axillary bud
Terminal bud
Adventitious bud
Lenticels(pores)
Node

Notes by: Alexandra Breatriz Silva, Mary Divine Alegado, and Aubrey Olaran

Specialized Stem, Specialized Roots, and Specialized Leaves
Specialized Leaves
Specialized Leaf
Bract

Common name
Bougainvilea

Scientific name
Bougainvillea spectabilis

Nature/Structure
Floral leaves formed at
the base of a flower

Bract

Poinsettia

Euphorbia pulcherrima

Storage leaf/Bulb scale
Storage Leaf

Onion bulb
Century plant

Allium cepa
Aloe vera

Bud Scale

Jackfruit

Artocarpus heterophylla

Floral leaves formed at
the base of a flower
Chromoplast (red)
Fleshy concentric leaves
Fleshy and inflated
leaves
Tough, overlapping,
waterproof leaves

Insect trapping/pitfall
trap

Pitcher plant

Nepenthes sp
...


Spines

Cactus

Cactus

Photo/Pocket leaf

Bird’s nest fern

Drynaria sp
...
This
tiny plant forms a new
individual

Function
Protect developing
bones and attract
pollinating insects
Protect developing
bones and attract
pollinating insects
Storage of food
Storage of nutrients
Protects buds from
unfavorable growing
seasons
Trap insects for food
Support and clinging
Protection against
grazing animals
Storage of dead parts of
leaves and then for
decomposition and
formation of nutrients
out form it
Floatation and storage
Reproduction

Specialized Stems
Specialized Stem
Tendrils

Common Name
Ampalaya

Scientific Name
Momordica charantia

Tendrils

Cadena de amor

Antigonon leptopus

Stolon/runner

Bermuda grass

Cyanodon dactylon

Stolon/runner

Amor-seco

Andropogon aciculatus

Rhizome

Ginger

Zingiber officinale

Corm(sucker)

Gabi

Colocasia esculentum

Nature and Structure
Tendrils support the plant
by clinging
Tendrils support the plant
by clinging
Horizontally oriented
stems that grow along the
soil surface
Horizontally oriented
stems that grow along the
soil surface
Short internodes, scale
leaves and produce roots
Thin leaaves

Tuber

Irish Potato

Solanum tuberosum

Swollen stem

Twinner
Spines

Alugbati
Bougainvillea

Basella alba
Bougainvillea spectabilis

Twinning shoots
Stems with thorns

Cladophyll
Haustoria

Pobreng kahoy
Mistletoe

Euphorbia tirucalli
Loranthus sp
...

sativus

Underground root
Aerial root with velamen

Raddish
Orchids

Raphanus sativus
Orchidaceae

Aeration root with
pneumatophores

Mangrove

Rizophora mangle

Velamen is multilayered
epidermis of dead cells
with specialized thickenings
which is impermeable to
water
Extend above surface of
water for plants that grow
in swampy areas

function
Provide support
Provide support

Support against assault
from high winds, and
also for gathering more
nutrients
Stabilize and support
the tree
Support,
And to cling to the
surface they are
climbing
Increases their chance
of intercepting light for
photosynthesis
Used to collect water
and nutrients, contain
chlorophyll and can be
photosynthetic
Storage of starch and
other carbohydrates
Storage
Storage
Protect root from
desiccation during dry
conditions and absorbs
water when the
atmosphere is humid
Helps root exchange
gases

Notes by: Alexandra Breatriz Silva, Mary Divine Alegado, and Aubrey Olaran



---