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Gulliver’s Travels
Second year

1- As a Picaresque novel
The word “Picaresque” comes from the Spanish word “Picaresca”,
from “Picaro” for rogue or “rascal”
...
The picaresque novels typically adopt a realistic
style
...
The
picaresque novel has many features like; firstly, it is narrated in the first
person narrator, secondly, the main character belongs to the low or
middle class who tries to get a job
...
Fourthly, it adopts a realistic setting language, and
style
...

To apply all these elements on Gulliver’s Travels, we notice that
Gulliver is a middle class surgeon
...
He likes to sail through the seas and oceans
...
He lacks
any epic greatness
...

Gulliver is gullible as his name suggests
...
He is a self-hating, self-proclaimed yahoo at
the end, announcing his misanthropy quite loudly
...

Furthermore, the story consists of many episodic loose adventures,
From Lilliput, to Brobdingnag, then laputa to Houyhnhnms and yahoos
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He exploits every voyage to satirize many aspects of human life
...
Their accusations of Gulliver’s betrayal express
self pompous quality
...


2

For the Laputans, they symbolize the folly of the theoretical
knowledge, which has no relation to human life
...
The climax of Swift’s satire was against the yahoos who represent
the most evil in human nature, cheat, adultery, lying, greed, nakedness,
sin, and envy
...
He
does not know about other characters
...

In addition, there is the use of metalanguage where swift himself
addresses the readers
...
For example,

the dwarf nature of the Lilliputians conveys oppositely their utopian
system of education, like the giant mature of the Brobdingnag which
embodies conversely their disgusting aspects
...

3

B-

“non-metaphorical and style” which means direct, simple and straight
...
His
style tends to be a journalist one full of details and factual data like when
he speaks about his background and origin in the first page
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D-

The use of a lot of words of speculation like “I think, I heard, I guess, I

supposed”, this proves that Swift is not Gulliver all the time except
sometimes
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G-

Puns: he uses some words which convey double meanings like

“Fortune”, and “swallow”
H-

The details and the factual names and settings “use of maps”

4

I-

The novel includes exaggeration which is one of the elements of the

satirical style
...
Furthermore, the image of the immortals with their very
long hair and dirtiness around them is another element of exaggeration to
magnify his disgust against the immortality Even the yahoos are ,
exaggerated to portray his hatred to humanity
...


For example: many parts of the novel, Gulliver tries to incline from
narration to tell us about the similarities between England and other
islands especially Lilliput and Houyhnhnms
...
He is about
to drown
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The mock heroic epic: The mock heroic
epic is a novel that has a setting which is trivial, along with the subject
matter, but the language is elevated
...
‫أيي أمثة‬
Moreover, he goes through fighting the inhabitants, the Lilliputians
with their fire arrows, the Blefescuans with their ships
...
Yet,
still, it is all set in a comic frame not a serious one
...
It
includes elements of seriousness which adds to the story the dimension of
being epic
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Narration

Johanthan Swift with Gulliver’s Travels uses a lot of narratives
devices which make of the novel a realistic one like A dialogues, letters,
the direct, and indirect speeches, diminution, exaggeration, contrast,
comparison, description, diary, the use of the first person narrator and the
metalanguage or the (suggested language)
...
“I” here is not omniscient, which means that the narrator
does not know everything either about his adventure, the words he goes
through, or the characters he meets
...

The same is repeated in every voyage he goes through
...


Moreover; Swift sometimes employs suggested language or

metalanguage “addressing the readers” which convey the separation
between both Gulliver and Swift
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Moreover, there is a diary mode of writing which is part of the
realistic style and narration
...
He even counts
the number of the months and the year that separates every voyage from
its precedent
...
The period between both Lilliput and
Brobdingnag is two months when he stayed at England
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Moreover, diary embodies the elements of narrating the details of
life, eating, sleeping, waking through the sequences of both day and night
...
He even narrates their habits of eating and fighting, which is
related mainly to the style of diary
...

Furthermore, there are a lot of dialogues, the, most important ones
are the one between the Lilliputian king and Gulliver around the internal
affairs of Lilliput, their High Heels- low Heels conflict, the problems
between both Big Endians and Little Endians, and the system of education,
secondly there is a conversation between both Gulliver and the king of
giants around the manufacturing of gunpowder and the governmental
system in England
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8

There are also four devices used as part of narration to satirize the
British society at large within Gulliver’s Travels; contrast, similarity,
exaggeration and diminution
...
The king
converses with Gulliver, around how dare the British people invent the
gunpowder to kill people and manipulate them
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Similarity is employed as a means of satirical narrative style in
comparing the political system of Lilliput to that of England Flimnap
prostitutes his wife to reach high ranks exactly like the prime minister of
England at that time Robert Walpole
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Similarly, the non-practicality of the Laputans projects is similar to
that of England
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Exaggeration is another tool portrayed by Swift in satirizing the
human condition; he magnifies the race of the horses at the end of the
novel to be a utopian race without mistake or immoral sins
...

9

They are neither greedy nor sinning
...

Finally, diminution is another satiric tool to satirize the human
condition; it is employed in describing the yahoos with all their sins and
vices
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Their sweat indicates their physical degradation they are
to be fenced and deprived of freedom due to their own immorality
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For example Gulliver describes the
Lilliputians as “Six inches high” “carrying a bow and an arrow “
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………………………………………………………………………………

10

’
‫من األخر‬
1- Satire

A- Tools
Exaggeration

Diminution

Similarity

Contrast

B- Application
‫أجيب أمثلة علي كل واحده مش الزم من المكتوب ممكن أجيب من الورق القديم او ازود براحتي‬

2- Style
Diary

Meta-language
(Addressing the readers)

Details

Pun

Non-metaphorical

Suggested language
(Speculation)

Pictorial language
(Adjectives)

Irony

Facts

Anagrams

Symbols

11

Time - Place

Satirical
comments

3- Picaresque
The meaning

Using his wit to
gain a job

Low or Middle class hero

Exaggeration

Realistic
Theme
Setting
Style
Characters

Comic events

Satire
First person
narration

Going through many
adventures

Interesting
conversation

Mock heroic epic

Not like great epic Heroes

Reforming the
society

4- The Quixotic Character
Naive
Credulous

Changing the
word

Idealistic
Very kind

Fight with
people

Disappointed
by mankind

Gulliver ‫ اكتر من‬Joseph Andrews ‫احلاجات ده تنطبق علي‬

5- Narrative devices
First person narrator
not omniscient

Diary

Description

Dialogues

Letter

Direct and indirect
speeches

12

Exaggeration
Diminution
Similarity
Contrast

‫”‪6- Symbols “allegory‬‬
‫يف الورق القدمي‬
‫‪7- Utopian elements‬‬
‫يف الورق القدمي‬
‫(طيب لو جي (‪ )Q‬هنعمل اية هقولك يف املراجعة)‬

‫أنا مش مسامح اي حد يطلع الورق بره‬

‫وما توفيقي إال باهلل‬

‫31‬



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